Objectives of prostheses:
Functionality
Perhaps the major goal in prosthesis, since it recovers the functionality of
the mouth, is basically the welfare of the patient. It is the first thing, though not the only thing,
which has been achieved. The function of
the mouth that is first and foremost to be recovered is effective chewing
(efficient shredding of food), without the prosthesis interfering with
swallowing. This is foremost since both
functions have a direct bearing on something as fundamental food intake. The second function is phonetic, to enable
the patient proper communication. The
prosthesis should not interference with the ability to properly communicate,
and in many cases allows it. In addition
to this it should be noted that the prosthesis should not, obviously, interfere
with breathing.
Three factors should be taken into account to achieve the functionality of the
stent.
Support
The support of prostheses, namely the structures of the mouth (teeth and
periodontal) that bear prostheses, must be carefully chosen, since both
stability and retention will depend in part on good support. It should be noted
that the support of occlusal forces is to be, as far as possible, the broadest
and best distributed in the mouth
The prosthesis can be.
Dental supported.
These are supported by the patient’s teeth, or remnants, which are
natural teeth that are still preserved.
Teeth can natural ones that retain their full structure, or may be (in
most cases) previously carved teeth by a dentist. Dental supported prostheses are fixed.
A denture is an artificial element to restore
the anatomy of one or more teeth. At the
same time it restores the relationship between the jaws, while returning the
vertical dimension and replenishing both implanted and natural teeth as
periodontal structures.
The dental technician is commissioned to design, develop and manufacture these
devices or artificial elements. The job
is performed at a dental laboratory, and the technician receives indications
from the dentist who works in the clinic.
Retention
Any prosthesis, whatsoever, should have an efficient restraint system, namely
that the restoration is maintained in the mouth of the subject and will not
fall or leave its position. If not
restrained, chewing, swallowing and speaking will be affected and even
prevented.
If the prosthesis is fixed, there will not be any problem with retention. If it
is a removable metal prosthesis, the provision of metal hooks, as well as the
performance of contracts, should be adequate, because basically they will
produce the retention of the prosthesis.
If this is a completely resin prosthesis, the more problematic in this
regard, it should take into account the proper design of the base of the teeth
as well as its surface. It should be
broad enough to ensure greater restraint in the mouth. For improved retention in this type of
prosthesis, there are products such as adhesives creams and powders. If the prosthesis is mixed, the attachment
must function correctly, as this is what facilitates retention.
Fiber-mucous
supported. These are supported on the
alveolar process, in contact with gum tissue that is fiber-mucous. The
prostheses are “typical” (completely resin) dentures.
Dental-mucous supported. These combine
the two types of media listed above; i.e. they are supported both in the
patient’s remaining teeth and in the alveolar process. The prostheses can be
metal prostheses, partial resin, and mixed prostheses.
Implant supported. These are supported
by surgical implants (prosthesis implant).
Stability
Stability of prosthesis is critical, because an unstable prosthesis
"dances" in the mouth, and among other things will unbalance the bite
by either side. If the denture is
unstable it is not functional for prosthesis as it makes chewing and speaking
difficult, besides being already uncomfortable in the mouth. Stability must be observed while seeking
support and the appropriate retention.
These are the three fundamental principles; they are interrelated and
necessary to achieve balance.
False teeth or dentures overview
