Parts of the Tooth
Dental enamel: It is formed by mineralized tissue proteins and hydroxylapatite
(very low). It is the hardest tissue in the human body as a first layer of the
tooth is protected. In areas where the enamel is thinner or has worn, it can be
extremely sensitive. The enamel is translucent, shining and insensitive to pain
because the nerve endings do not exist. Can not regenerate, so the decay is a
chronic disease. With fluoride crystals are formed fluorhidroxiapatita which is
much more resistant to attack by the hydroxyapatite dental caries.
Dentin: mineralized tissue, but to a lesser extent than the enamel. Is
responsible for the color of teeth. Contains tubules which are projected
extensions of the odontoblasts. Dentin provides elasticity to the fragile but
hard enamel.
The periodontium
consists of:
Gingiva: The part of the oral mucosa that surrounds the neck of the teeth and
covers the alveolar bone.
Periodontal ligament: A structure of connective tissue that surrounds the root
and joins the alveolar bone. Among its features are the insertion of the tooth
to the alveolar bone and the impact resistance of the beatings. It also has
properties mechanoreceptors are able to transmit the forces exerted on the
tooth to the adjacent nerves.
Alveolar bone: The part of the jawbone where teeth are housed.
The tooth is anatomicaly hard, nestled in
the alveoli of the jaw bone through a special type of joint called gomphosis
and the different structures involved in the preparation: tooth and alveolar
bone cement both united by the periodontal ligament. The tooth is composed of
calcium and phosphorus, which gives hardness.
The tooth makes the first stage of digestion and is also engaged in oral
communication.
Basically in the tooth can be recognized two parts, the crown covered with
visible tooth enamel and the root is not visible in a healthier mouth.
The teeth, arranged from the center toward the jaws are cutting incisors,
canines that tear, the premolars and molars to grind.
Dental cement: It is
a hard, opaque and yellowish coating dentin at the root of the tooth. Is
responsible for uniting the tooth with the rest of the jaw.
Dental pulp: It consists of a soft tissue containing blood vessels that lead
blood into the tooth and nerve fibers that attach to tooth sensitivity. These
nerves pass through the root (tooth) through narrow channels. Are the main cell
odontoblasts (cells are both the dentin and pulp), they produce the dentine and
are maintaining the vitality of dentin. The odontoblasts have extensions called
Tomes process which reside in the dentinal tubules.
Supporting structures of teeth
Peridentarios tissues comprising the periodontium, are all those tissues
surrounding the tooth.
Morphologic structure of the teeth
Crown: the portion of the tooth is free and visible in the oral cavity. The
layer of the tooth enamel is covered, in the mouth and can see the functional
part of the tooth body. This portion of the tooth is exposed to the oral half
permanently.
Neck: cervical zone also called, is the union of the crown and the root is in
the marginal gingiva.
Root is the part that can not be seen as embedded in the tooth socket, inside
the bone and is covered with cement. The teeth usually have one to three roots,
depending on whether subsections (a root), canines (1), premolars (1 or 2) or
molars (two or three in exceptional cases more than three)
